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CNS Videos
Posterior Fossa Abnormalities.
Normal Fetal CNS.
Above. Normal fetal CNS at 22 2/7ths weeks. Video courtesy of Dr. Mayank Chowdhury; Pallav Imaging Institute, Mayflower Women’s Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.
Key fetal anatomy includes the choroid plexus, the septum cavum pellucidi (SCP), lateral ventricles, and the corpus callosum. The pericallosal artery is a continuation of the anterior cerebral artery and it continues superiorly and posteriorly supplying the corpus callosum and the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere.
Above. Anencephaly. Note orbits and triangular shaped head. Profile: Absence of the cranial vault and brain; bulging eyes.
Above. Anencephaly. Profile: Absence of the cranial vault and brain above orbits, bulging eyes, short neck.
Above. “Lemon sign” spinal defect. Note associated hydrocephalus.
Above. Note effacement of the cerebellum.
Above. Other findings of Arnold Chiari Malformation, obliteration of posterior fossa.
Above. Coronal view of sacral defect.
Above. Transverse view of sacral defect.
Above. Lumbo-sacral myelomeningocele. Transverse view.
Above. Transverse view through the kidneys and lower lumbar area. Note disruption.
Above. Longitudinal view. Large lumbo-sacral myelomenigocele.
Above. Longitudinal view. Note defect in the cervical spine. Fetal head is on the right.
Above. Longitudinal to oblique view. Defect is at C5-C6 and the meninges can be visualized on this view.
Above. Transverse view of cervical spine with myelomenigocele.
Above. Large posterior encephalocele.
Above. Encephalocele. Note cranial defect and neural tissue outside the cranium.
Above. Encephalocele. Detail of neural tissue.
Patient A: Gestational age 17 5/7 weeks, head circumference 6th percentile.
Above. Patient A. Monoventricle and congenital heart defect.
Above. Patient A. Monoventricle. Diagnosis: Alobar holoprosencephaly due to Trisomy 13.
Above. Normal fetus. 24 4/7 weeks. Normal Twin B. Coronal view. The CSP (cavum septum pellucidum) is the mid-line anechoic rectangular structure. No evidence for anterior ventricular communication.
Above. Normal fetus. 24 4/7 weeks. Normal Twin B. Axial view. The CSP (cavum septum pellucidum) is the mid-line anechoic rectangular structure. No evidence for anterior ventricular communication.
Above. Abnormal fetus. Septo-optic Dysplasia (SOD). 24 4/7 weeks. Twin A. Axial view. Absent CSP. Anechoic anterior horns of lateral ventricles communicate. Top of ventricular communication is flat.
Above. Abnormal fetus. Septo-optic Dysplasia (SOD). 29 6/7 weeks. Sagittal view. Absent CSP. Anechoic anterior horns of lateral ventricles communicate. Sagittal view shows extended lateral ventricles, not typical pattern for CSP.
Above. 29 6/7 weeks. Abnormal: possible SOD with hydrocephalus secondary to acqueductal stenosis. Absent CSP. Note communicating anterior horns of lateral ventricles. Some forms of hydrocephalus and hydrencephaly can result in anterior horn communication, but in those instances the CSP is usually present.
Above. 29 6/7 weeks. Abnormal: possible SOD with hydrocephalus secondary to acqueductal stenosis. Absent CSP. Posterior horns lateral ventricle separate and anterior horns communicate.
Above. Ventriculomegaly. Note dilatation of the lateral and 3rd ventricles and movement of the mid-line faux.
Above. Aqueductal Stenosis. 32 weeks. Dilatation of the lateral ventricles. Thalamus compressed but normal. Disruption of the falx. Thinning of cerebral cortex.
Above. Aqueductal Stenosis. 36 weeks. Same patient. Increased dilatation of the lateral ventricles with increased head size. Further disruption of the falx, and thinning of cerebral cortex.
Above. Aqueductal Stenosis. Asymmetric dilatation of lateral ventricles. 3rd ventricle dilated (round anechoic area).
Above. Aqueductal Stenosis. Coronal view. “Monoventricle.” Thalami do not appear fused.
Above. Hydrocephalus due to hemorrhage (mixed echogenic mass).
Above. Same patient. Hydrocephalus due to hemorrhage. Clot is elongated (mixed echogenic mass).
Above. Schizencephaly. Coronal view.
Above. Schizencephaly. Sagittal view.
Above. Hydrocephalus due to intracranial hemorrhage. Dilated posterior and anterior horns of lateral ventricles.
Above. Same patient. Hydrocephalus due to intracranial hemorrhage.
Above. Arachnoid cyst, middle cranial fossa, 31 6/7 weeks.
Above. Same patient. Arachnoid cyst, middle cranial fossa, 31 6/7 weeks. Anatomy, otherwise normal.
Above. Large arachnoid cyst. 4.5 cm greatest diameter, right inferior parietal area, 34 3/7 weeks.
Above. Same patient. Large arachnoid cyst. 4.5 cm greatest diameter, right inferior parietal area, 34 3/7 weeks. Anatomy, otherwise normal.
Above. Intracranial cysts secondary to Oral Facial Digital Syndrome, 22 2/7 weeks.
Above. Same patient. Intracranial cysts secondary to Oral Facial Digital Syndrome, 22 2/7 weeks. ACC (absence of corpus callosum) also present.
Above. Massive subdural hematoma, 32 2/7 weeks with displacement of mid-line structures.
Above. Same patient. Massive subdural hematoma, 32 2/7 weeks with porencephalic cyst.
Posterior Fossa Abnormalities.
Above. Cerebellar hypoplasia. Note small cerebellum.